Impact of integrating solar and wind DGs on voltage profiles and power losses in a practical distribution system

Abstract

The rising inclusion of renewable energy sources into distribution networks has accelerated the adoption of distributed generation (DG) technologies such as solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbines. This paper explores the effect of solar and wind DG integration on voltage profiles, power losses, and economic performance in a practical 41-bus radial distribution system. Using the Power World Simulator (PWS) software, the load flow analysis is performed to evaluate different DG placement strategies and penetration levels using the loss sensitivity factor (LSF) method. The results indicate that optimal placement of solar and wind DGs notably improves voltage stability and effectively reduces both real and reactive power losses in the distribution system. Furthermore, the economic analysis demonstrates annual savings of ₹29.08 lakhs for solar DG and ₹33.40 lakhs for wind DG, with payback periods of approximately 11 years, indicating strong technical and financial feasibility. The findings highlight that strategic DG planning can simultaneously enhance system reliability, efficiency, and economic viability in modern distribution systems.